CHEM M230D Course Syllabus
Structural Molecular Biology Laboratory Winter Quarter, 2026
Duilio Cascio & Michael R. Sawaya

Course Description: A laboratory course covering the practical aspects of determining a protein crystal structure by X-ray crystallography. Specifically, students will determine the structure of proteinase K, a 28 kDa enzyme, by performing all the steps of a typical crystallographic experiment: crystallization, screening for heavy atom derivatives, collecting and reducing data, space group determination, solving for the position of heavy atom sites, calculating MIRAS phases, interpreting electron density, refining and validating structure models, and making illustrative figures. Students will meet in small groups, once a week by appointment for 1.5-2 hours. Five assignments will be given to check understanding of course material and prepare the student to publish a crystallographic journal article. Meeting Locations will vary from week to week as noted below.

CHEM230A LECTURE MATERIALS available at https://people.mbi.ucla.edu/cascio/LECTURES/CHEM230A/. When asked for a login name and password, please refer to the syllabus you received on the first day of class.

Crystalliation and X-ray Lab Meeting Times 2026 Google Spreadsheet.

M230D LAB MATERIALS: Experimental Procedures and Suggested Reading Materials:

Crystallization and Heavy Atom Screening
January 5-9, 2026
Crystallization Facility, Boyer Hall Room 106

Suggested Reading/Viewing Materials:
     1) Pre Crystallization Lab Video
     2) What a crystallographer should know about a protein before beginning crystallization trials by Michael Sawaya.
     3) Heavy Atom Safety, Selection, and Screening by Michael Sawaya (2000).
     4) Screening for Phasing Atoms in Protein Crystallography by Boggon & Shapiro (2000).
Experiments Performed in Lab:
     1) Crystallization of Proteinase K and complex with PMSF
     2) Heavy Atom Derivative Screening by Native Gel Electrophoresis
     3) Preparation of Heavy Atom derivatives 

Heavy Atom Soaking
January 8-16, 2026
X-ray Lab, Boyer Hall Room 124
Cryo-crystallography & Data Collection
January 12-16, 2026 
X-ray Lab, Boyer Hall Room 124

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) Data Collection Strategies by Zbigniew Dauter (1999).
     2) Solvent Content of Protein Crystals by B.W. Matthews (1968).
Activities In Lab:
     1) Cryo-crystallographic technique video (WMV file 65 Mb, open with Windows Media Player)
     2) Practice removing and storing crystals for synchrotron trip
     3) Initiate data collection

Data Reduction
January 19-23, 2026
in Grad Student Computer Lab, Young Hall Room 4067
Activities In Lab:
    1) Data Reduction
Assignments: "Table 1" and crystal data collection reports completed in lab
Difference Patterson Maps & Determination of Heavy Atom Sites
January 26-30, 2026
in Grad Student Computer Lab, Young Hall Room 4067

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) Chapter 6 (page 101-127) from Crystallography Made Crystal Clear by Gale Rhodes.
Activities in Lab:
     1) Familiarization with simple Unix commands.
     2) Calculation of isomorphous and anomalous difference Patterson maps.
Assignments: Patterson reports completed in lab
 

Phasing & Electron Density Map Calculation
January 26-30, 2026
in Computer Lab, Young Hall Room 4067

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) Chapter 6 (page 101-127) from Crystallography Made Crystal Clear by Gale Rhodes.
Activities in Lab: 
     1) Phasing with Shelx and HKL2MAP
     2) Solvent Flattening
     3) Chose correct handedness
     4) Calculate electron density
     5) View density with "COOT"
Assignments:  Phasing reports completed in lab

Model Building part I
Feb 2-13, 2026
in Computer Lab, Young Hall Room 4067

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) Electron density map intepretation by T. A. Jones and M. Kjeldgaard.
Activities in Lab:
     1) Placing Alpha helices and beta strands in density.
     2) Assigning protein sequence to density
     3) Run & evaluate automatic chain tracing program
Assignments:  Complete building an atomic model of Proteinase K by March 2-6, 2026. Sooner is better.
 

EM demo, sample preparation, T12 training
Feb 16-20, 2026
in Boyer Hall Room 105

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) T12 manual
     2) Sample Preparation protocol
Activities in Lab:
     1) Preparation of biological samples for negative stain TEM.
     2) Basic operating procedures for loading a viewing a sample on a T12 electron microscope

CryoSPARC demonstration
Feb 23-27, 2026
in Computer Lab, Young Hall Room 4067

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) CryoSPARC tutorial
Activities in Lab:
     1) Motion Correction of CryoEM images
     2) Contrast Transfer function (CTF) Estimation
     3) Particle Picking and Extraction
     4) 2D classification
     5) Ab initio 3D reconstruction
     6) Homogeneous refinement

Model Building part II, Refinement, and Structure Validation
Mar 2-6, 2026
in Computer Lab, Young Hall Room 4067

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) None yet.
Activities in Lab:
     1) Calculation of difference Fourier electron density maps.
     2) Evaluation of maps
     3) Refinement of Structure
     4) Run Procheck, Verify3D and Errat
Assignments:  Final structure reports completed in lab
 

MicroED on Talos Electron Microscope
March 9-13, 2026
in Young Hall Room 1290

Suggested Reading Materials:
     1) Talos tutorial
Activities in Lab:
     1) Load microcrystals in Talos microscope
     2) View and select a microcrystal of interest
     3) Collect diffraction data as a tilt series of ~70 degrees
     4) Process diffaction data with XDS
     5) Solve phase problem using direct methods
     6) Observe atomic structure

Pymol tutorial
 


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